A cewar Ƙungiyar Kare Gobara ta Ƙasa, ana samun gobarar gidaje sama da 354,000 a kowace shekara, wanda ke kashe matsakaicin mutane kimanin 2,600 tare da raunata sama da mutane 11,000. Yawancin mace-macen da suka shafi gobara suna faruwa ne da daddare lokacin da mutane ke barci.
Muhimmancin rawar da ƙararrawar hayaki mai kyau ke takawa a bayyane yake. Akwai manyan nau'ikan ƙararrawa guda biyuƙararrawa ta hayaki –ionization da photoelectric. Sanin bambanci tsakanin su biyun zai iya taimaka maka ka yanke shawara mafi kyau game da ƙararrawa ta hayaki don kare gidanka ko kasuwancinka.
Ionizationƙararrawar hayakis kuma ƙararrawa ta hanyar amfani da na'urori daban-daban don gano gobara:
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Ionizationƙararrawa ta hayaki Tsarin gini ne mai matuƙar rikitarwa. Sun ƙunshi faranti biyu masu caji da wutar lantarki da kuma ɗaki da aka yi da wani abu mai rediyoaktif wanda ke canza iskar da ke motsawa tsakanin faranti.
Da'irori na lantarki a cikin allon suna auna ƙarfin ionization da wannan ƙira ta samar.
A lokacin gobara, ƙwayoyin ƙonewa suna shiga ɗakin ionization kuma suna karo akai-akai suna haɗuwa da ƙwayoyin iska masu ionized, wanda ke haifar da raguwar adadin ƙwayoyin iska masu ionized akai-akai.
Da'irori na lantarki da ke cikin allon suna jin wannan canji a cikin ɗakin kuma, idan aka wuce iyakar da aka ƙayyade, ana kunna ƙararrawa.
Ƙararrawar hayaki mai amfani da hoto
Ƙararrawar hayaki mai amfani da hoto an tsara su ne bisa ga yadda hayakin wuta ke canza ƙarfin haske a cikin iska:
Watsa haske: Mafi yawan amfani da wutar lantarkina'urorin gano hayaki Suna aiki akan ƙa'idar watsa haske. Suna da hasken LED da kuma abin da ke da ƙarfin ɗaukar hoto. Hasken yana fuskantar wani yanki wanda abin da ke da ƙarfin ɗaukar hoto ba zai iya gano shi ba. Duk da haka, lokacin da ƙwayoyin hayaki daga wuta suka shiga hanyar hasken, hasken yana bugi ƙwayoyin hayaki kuma ya karkata zuwa cikin abin da ke da ƙarfin ɗaukar hoto, wanda ke haifar da ƙararrawa.
Toshewar Haske: Sauran nau'ikan ƙararrawa ta lantarki an tsara su ne a kusa da toshewar haske. Waɗannan ƙararrawa kuma sun ƙunshi tushen haske da kuma wani abu mai saurin ɗaukar hoto. Duk da haka, a wannan yanayin, ana aika hasken kai tsaye zuwa ga abu. Lokacin da ƙwayoyin hayaki suka toshe hasken, fitowar na'urar mai saurin ɗaukar hoto tana canzawa saboda raguwar haske. Ana gano wannan raguwar haske ta hanyar kewayen ƙararrawa kuma yana haifar da ƙararrawa.
Ƙararrawa masu haɗuwa: Bugu da ƙari, akwai nau'ikan ƙararrawa masu haɗuwa iri-iri. Haɗuwa da yawaƙararrawa ta hayaki haɗa fasahar ionization da photoelectric don ƙara ingancinsu.
Wasu haɗuwa suna ƙara ƙarin na'urori masu auna zafi, kamar infrared, carbon monoxide, da na'urorin auna zafi, don taimakawa wajen gano gobarar gaske daidai da kuma rage ƙararrawa ta ƙarya saboda abubuwa kamar hayakin toaster, tururin shawa, da sauransu.
Babban Bambance-bambance Tsakanin Ionization daƘararrawa na Hayaki Mai Lantarki na Hoto
An gudanar da bincike da yawa ta hanyar Underwriters Laboratories (UL), da National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), da sauransu don tantance manyan bambance-bambancen aiki tsakanin waɗannan manyan nau'ikan biyu nana'urorin gano hayaki.
Sakamakon waɗannan nazarin da gwaje-gwaje gabaɗaya suna bayyana abubuwa kamar haka:
Ƙararrawar hayaki mai amfani da hoto Yana mayar da martani ga wutar da ke hayaƙi da sauri fiye da ƙararrawar ionization (minti 15 zuwa 50 cikin sauri). Wutar da ke hayaƙi tana tafiya a hankali amma tana haifar da hayaƙi mafi yawa kuma ita ce mafi yawan abin da ke haifar da gobarar gidaje.
Alamomin hayakin ionization yawanci suna amsawa da sauri kaɗan (daƙiƙa 30-90) ga gobarar da ke tashi da sauri (wutar da harshen wuta ke yaɗuwa da sauri) fiye da na lantarki. NFPA ta fahimci cewa an tsara ta da kyau.ƙararrawa ta hoto Yawanci ƙararrawa na ionization sun fi kyau a duk yanayin wuta, ba tare da la'akari da nau'in da kayan ba.
Ƙararrawar ionization ta kasa samar da isasshen lokacin fitarwa fiye da yadda aka sabaƙararrawa ta hoto yayin gobara mai hayaƙi.
Alamomin ƙararrawa na ionization sun haifar da kashi 97% na "alamomin ƙararrawa na tashin hankali"—ƙararrawa na ƙarya—kuma, sakamakon haka, sun fi fuskantar rashin aiki gaba ɗaya fiye da sauran nau'ikan ƙararrawar hayaki. NFPA ta fahimci hakanƙararrawa ta hayaki mai amfani da hasken lantarki suna da babban fa'ida fiye da ƙararrawar ionization a cikin ƙwarewar ƙararrawa ta ƙarya.
Wanne ƙararrawar hayaki shine mafi kyau?
Yawancin mace-macen da gobara ke yi ba daga harshen wuta ba ne, amma daga shaƙar hayaƙi ne, shi ya sa yawancin mace-macen da suka shafi gobara ke faruwa.—kusan kashi biyu bisa uku—yana faruwa yayin da mutane ke barci.
To, a bayyane yake cewa yana da matuƙar muhimmanci a sami ƙararrawar hayaki wanda zai iya gano gobarar da ke hayaƙi cikin sauri da daidai, wadda ke haifar da hayaƙi mafi yawa. A cikin wannan rukuni,ƙararrawa ta hayaki mai amfani da hasken lantarki a bayyane yake ya fi ƙarfin ƙararrawa na ionization.
Bugu da ƙari, bambanci tsakanin ionization daƙararrawa ta hoto a cikin gobarar da ke ci da sauri ta zama ƙarama, kuma NFPA ta kammala da cewa inganci mai kyauƙararrawa ta hoto har yanzu suna iya yin tasiri ga ƙararrawar ionization.
A ƙarshe, tunda ƙararrawa masu tayar da hankali na iya sa mutane su kashena'urorin gano hayaki, yana mai da su marasa amfani,ƙararrawa ta hoto kuma yana nuna fa'ida a wannan fanni, kasancewar ba ta da saurin kamuwa da ƙararrawa ta ƙarya kuma don haka ba ta da yuwuwar a nakasa ta.
A bayyane yake,ƙararrawa ta hayaki mai amfani da hasken lantarki su ne mafi daidaito, abin dogaro, kuma mafi aminci, ƙarshe wanda NFPA ke goyon baya kuma wani yanayi da ake iya gani a tsakanin masana'antun da ƙungiyoyin kare lafiyar gobara.
Ga masu ƙararrawa masu haɗaka, babu wata fa'ida bayyananna ko babbar fa'ida da aka gani. NFPA ta kammala da cewa sakamakon gwajin bai tabbatar da buƙatar shigar da fasaha biyu koƙararrawa ta hayaki mai ɗaukar hoto, kodayake babu ɗayansu da ke da illa.
Duk da haka, Ƙungiyar Kare Gobara ta Ƙasa ta kammala da cewaƙararrawa ta hoto tare da ƙarin na'urori masu auna zafi, kamar su CO ko na'urorin auna zafi, suna inganta gano gobara kuma suna rage ƙararrawa ta ƙarya.
Lokacin Saƙo: Agusta-02-2024